Cambridge AssessmentInternational EducationSyllabusCambridge InternationalAS &A LevelEconomics 9708Use this syllabus for exams in 2026,2027 and 2028.Exams are available in the June and November series.Exams are also available in the March series in India.Version 1For the purposes of screen readers,any mention in this document of Cambridge IGCSECambridgerefers to Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education.PathwayWhy choose Cambridge International?Cambridge Intemational prepares school students for life,helping them develop an informed curiosity and alasting passion for learning.We are part of the University of Cambridge.Our Cambridge Pathway gives students a clear path for educational success from age 5 to 19.Schools canshape the curriculum around how they want students to learn-with a wide range of subjects and flexible waysto offer them.It helps students discover new abilities and a wider world,and gives them the skills they need forlife,so they can achieve at school,university and work.Our programmes and qualifications set the global standard for intemnational education.They are created bysubject experts,are rooted in academic rigour and reflect the latest educational research.They provide astrong platform for students to progress from one stage to the next,and are well supported by teaching andlearning resources.Learn more about our research at www.cambridgeassessment.org.uk/our-research/We review all our syllabuses regularly,so they reflect the latest research evidence and professional teachingpractice-and take account of the different national contexts in which they are taught.We consult with teachers to help us design each syllabus around the needs of their learners.Consulting withleading universities has helped us make sure our syllabuses encourage students to master the key concepts inthe subject and develop the skills necessary for success in higher education.We believe education works best when curriculum,teaching,learning and assessment are closely aligned.Our programmes develop deep knowledge,conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills,toprepare students for their future.Together with schools,we develop Cambridge leamners who are confident,responsible,reflective,innovative and engaged-equipped for success in the moder world.Every year,nearly a million Cambridge students from 10000 schools in 160 countries prepare for their futurewith the Cambridge Pathway.School feedback:'We think the Cambridge curriculum is superb preparation for university.'Feedback from:Christoph Guttentag,Dean of Undergraduate Admissions,Duke University,USAQuality managementCambridge International is committed to providing exceptional quality.In line with this commitment,ourquality management system for the provision of intemational education programmes and qualificationsprogrammes for students aged 5 to 19 is independently certified as meeting the internationally recognisedstandard,ISO 9001:2015.Leamn more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/about-us/our-standards/Cambridge Assessment Intemational Education is part of Cambridge University Press &Assessment.Cambridge University PressAssessment is a department of the University of Cambridge.Cambridge University Press Assessment retains the copyright on all its publications.Registered centres are pemmitted to copymaterial from this booket for their own internal use.However,we cannot give pemmission to centres to photocopy any material that isacknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a centre.ContentsWhy choose Cambridge International?21 Why choose this syllabus?....................2 Syllabus overview.…Aims8Content overview9Assessment overview11Assessment objectives138 Subject content.15AS Level content15A Level content244 Details of the assessment .........................................................35Paper 1-AS Level Multiple Choice35Paper 2-AS Level Data Response and Essays35Paper 3-A Level Multiple Choice36Paper 4-A Level Data Response and Essays36Command words375 What else you need to know.38Before you start38Making entries39Accessibility and equality39After the exam40How students,teachers and higher education can use the grades42Changes to this syllabus for 2026,2027 and 202843Important:Changes to this syllabusThe latest syllabus is version 1,published September 2023.There are no significant changes which affectteaching.Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2023 are still suitable for use with thissyllabus.