endorsed forREVISE EDEXCEL GCSE (9-1)edexcelChemistryHigherREVISIONSeries Consultant:Harry SmithAuthor:Nigel Saundersnote from the publisherIn order to ensure that this resource offers high-qualityis accurate.the official specification and associatedsupport for the associated Pearson qualification,it hasassessment guidance materials are the only authoritativebeen through a review process by the awarding body.source of information and should always be referred toThis process confirms that this resource fully coversfor definitive quidance.the teaching and learning content of the specificationor part of a specification at which it is aimed.It alsoPearson examiners have not contributed to any sectionsin this resource relevant to examination papers for whichconfirms that it demonstrates an appropriate balancebetween the development of subject skills,knowledgethey have responsibility.and understanding,in addition to preparation forExaminers will not use endorsed resources as a sourceassessment.of material for any assessment set by Pearson.Endorsement does not cover any guidance onEndorsement of a resource does not mean that theassessment activities or processes (e.g.practiceresource is required to achieve this Pearson qualification,questions or advice on how to answer assessmentnor does it mean that it is the only suitable materialquestions),included in the resource nor does itavailable to support the qualification,and any resourcePrescribe any particular approach to the teaching orlists produced by the awarding body shall include thisdelivery of a related course.and other appropriate resources.While the publishers have made every attempt to ensurethat advice on the qualification and its assessmentQuestion difficultyLook at this scale next toeach exam-style question.It tells you how difficult thequestion is.For the full range of Pearson revision titles across KS2,KS3,GCSE,AS/A Level and BTEC visit:www.pearsonschools.co.uk/revisePearson1-to-1Contentspage mateh with theChemistry RevisionCORE40 Making insoluble salts79Core practical-Formulae,equations and hazards41Extended response-Investigating ratesMaking salts80Exam skills Rates ofEquations42Electrolysisreaction24381Heat energy changesHazards,risks and44Core practical-82Reaction profilesprecautionsInvestigating electrolysis83Calculating energy changesPAPERS1◆245Extended response-Fuels and Earth scienceKey concepts in chemistryElectrolysis84Crude oil5Atomic structureExtracting metals and equilibria85Fractional distillationIsotopes46The reactivity series86AlkanesMendeleev's table47Metal displacement87Incomplete combustionThe periodic tablereactions88Acid rain48Explaining metal reactivity89Choosing fuels10lons49Metal ores90Cracking1Formulae of ionic50Iron and aluminium91Extended -response-Fuelscompounds51Biological metal extraction92The early atmosphereProperties of ionic5293Greenhouse effectcompounds53Life-cycle assessments94Extended response354Extended responseAtmospheric science4Simple molecularReactivity of metalsSeparate chemistry 2substancesSeparate chemistry 195Tests for metal ionsGiant molecular substances55Transition metals96More tests for ions16Other large molecules56Rusting97Instrumental methods17Metals57Alloys98Extended response-Tests18Limitations of models58Extended responseAlloysfor ions19Relative formula massand corrosionMore about alkanes20Empirical formulae59Core practical-Accurate100Alkenes21Conservation of masstitrations101 Addition polymers22Reacting mass calculations60Concentration calculations102Condensation polymers23Concentration of solutionTitration calculations24Avogadro's constant and62Percentage yield104Polymer problemsmoles63Atom economy105 Extended response-25Extended response-Types64Molar gas volumeHydrocarbons and polymersof substance65Gas calculations106 AlcoholsPAPER 166Exam skills Chemical107 Making ethanolStates of matter and mixturescalculations108Carboxylic acids26States of matter67The Haber process109Core practical-27Pure substances and68More about equilibriaInvestigating combustionmixtures9Making fertilisers110 Nanoparticles28Distillation70Fuel cells11 1 Bulk materials29Filtration and crystallisation71Extended response-112Extended response30Paper chromatographyReversible reactionsMaterialsCore practicalPAPER 2Investigating inksGroups in the periodic table113 Answers32Drinking water72The alkali metals124 The Periodic Table of the33Extended response73The halogensElementsSeparating mixtures74Reactions of halogensChemical changes75Halogen displacementA small bit of small print:34Acids and alkalisreactionsEdexcel publishes Sample Assessment35Strong and weak acids76The noble gasesBases and alkalis77Extended responsewebsite.This is the official content and37Core practicalGroupsthis book should be used in conjunctionwith it.The questions in Now try thisNeutralisationRates of reaction and energyhave been written to help you practise38Core practical-Salts fromchangesevery topic in the book.Remember:theinsoluble bases78Rates of reactionreal exam questions may not look like39Salts from soluble basesthis.iiHad a lookNearly thereNailed it!CoreYou should be able to recall the formulae of elements,simple compounds and ions.ElementsAn element is a substance made from atomsAn atom is the smallest particle ofwith the same number of protons in thean element that still has its chemicalnucleus.Each element has its own chemicalProperties.symbol,which:A molecule consists of two or moreconsists of one,two or three lettersstarts with a capital letteratoms chemically joined together.has any other letters in lower case.Most elements that are gases at roomFor example,mercury is Hg.You can find thetemperature exist as molecules withsymbols for the elements in the periodictwo atoms.They are shown by chemicaltable.Compoundscarbon hydrogerA compound consists of two or more different elements chemically joinedtogether.The chemical formula for methane is CH4.Each methane molecule has:onefourone carbon atom (no number in the formula).atoms of two elements joined togetherfour hydrogen atoms (4 in the formula)(1+4)=5 atoms in total.Remember:you will not find the formulae for any compounds in the periodic table.In general:Worked examplemetal atoms lose electrons to formpositive ionsnon-metal atoms gain electrons to(a)Give the meaning of the term ion.(2 marks)form negative ions.An ion is a charged particle formed when an atom,or groupLook at page 5 for help with theof atoms,loses or gains electrons.atomic structure.For a reminder about(b)An ion is represented as Na'.how ions form,look at page 10.Explain what this shows.(2 marks)The ion has one positive charge,and it is formed from aWrite the charge as a superscript atsodium atom.the top right of the symbol.(c)An ion is represented as SO.You should show a single PositiveExplain what this shows.(2 marks)charge as and a single negativeThe ion has two negative charges,and it is formed from onecharge as-.sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms chemically joined together.(d)Write the formula for sodium sulfate.(1 mark)A sodium ion has a single positivecharge and a sulfate ion has twonegative charges.Two sodium ionsbalance the charge on one sulfate ionNow try thisUse the periodic table on page 8 tohelp you answer these questions.1 The formula for bromine is Br2.3The formula for magnesium hydroxide isExplain what this shows.(2 marks)Mg(OH).Explain what this tells you about the number2 In copper carbonate,there is one carbon atomand type of each atom or ion present.and three oxygen atoms for every copper atom.(2 marks)State the formula for copper carbonate.(1 mark)Multiply the numbers insideSthe brackets by 2.