HISTORY FOR EDEXCEL A LEVELHAPCOMMUNISTSTATESin the twentieth centuryROBIN BUNCEPETER CLEMENTSANDREW FLINTDYNAMICendorsed forHODDERDedexcelEDUCATIONLEARNINGLEARN MOREHISTORY FOR EDEXCEL ALEVELSTATESin the twentieth centuryROBIN BUNCEANDREW FLINTPETER CLEMENTSHODDERDDYNAMICEDUCATIONLEARNINGAN HACHETTE UK COMPANYIn order to ensure that this resource offers high-quality support for the associated Pearson qualification,it has been through a review process by the awarding body.This process confirms that this resource fullycovers the teaching and learning content of the specification or part of a specification at which it is aimedIt also confirms that it demonstrates an appropriate balance between the development of subject skills,knowledge and understanding,in addition to preparation for assessment.Endorsement does not cover anyguidance on asessment activities or processes (e.g.practice questions or advice on how to answer assessmentquestions),included in the resource nor does it prescribe any particular approach to the teaching or deliveryof a related course.While the publishers have made every attempt to ensure that advice on the qualification and its assessmentis accurate,the official specification and associated assessment guidance materials are the only authoritativesource of information and should always be referred to for definitive guidance.Pearson examiners have not contributed to any sections in this resource relevant to examination papers forwhich they have responsibility.Examiners will not use endorsed resources as a source of material for anyassessment set by Pearson.Endorsement of a resource does not mean that the resource is required to achieve this Pearson qualification,nor does it mean that it is the only suitable material available to support the qualification,and any resourcelists produced by the awarding body shall include this and other appropriate resources.The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders,but if any have been inadvertently overlooked thePublishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press,Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book.It issometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website inthe URL window of your browser.Hachette UK's policy is to use papers that are natural,renewable and recyclable products and made fromwood grown in sustainable forests.The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to theenvironmental regulations of the country of origin.Orders:please contact Bookpoint Ltd,130 Milton Park,Abingdon,Oxon OX14 4SB.Telephone:+44(0)1235 827720.Fax:+44 (0)1235 400454.Lines are open 9.00a.m.-5.00p.m,Monday to Saturday,with a24-hour message answering service.Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.co.ukRobin Bunce,Sarah Ward,Andrew Flint Peter Clements 2015First published in 2015 byHodder EducationAn Hachette UK CompanyCarmelite House50 Victoria EmbankmentLondon EC4Y OD2www.hoddereducation.co.ukYear20192018201720162015All rights reserved.Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law,no part of this publicationmay be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,includingphotocopying and recording.or held within any information storage and retrieval system,withoutpermission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency LimitedFurther details ofsuch licences (for reprographic reproduction)may be obtained from the CopyrightLicensing Agency Limited,Saffron House,6-10 Kirby Street,London ECIN 8TS.Cover photo Alamy BEDMG]Illustrations by Integra Software ServicesTypeset in 10/12.5pt Bembo Std Regular by Integra Software Services Pvt.Ltd.,Pondicherry,IndiaPrinted in ItalyA catalogue record for this title is available from the British LibraryISBN9781471837913