Cambridge AssessmentInternational EducationSyllabusCambridge International AS A LevelFurther Mathematics 9231For examination in June and November 2020,2021 and 2022nCambridgeVersion 2PathwayWhy choose Cambridge?Cambridge Assessment International Education prepares school students for life,helping them develop an informedcuriosity and a lasting passion for learning.We are part of the University of Cambridge.Our international qualifications are recognised by the world's best universities and employers,giving students awide range of options in their education and career.As a not-for-profit organisation,we devote our resources todelivering high-quality educational programmes that can unlock learners'potentiaL.Our programmes and qualifications set the global standard for international education.They are created by subjectexperts,rooted in academic rigour and reflect the latest educational research.They provide a strong platform forstudents to progress from one stage to the next,and are well supported by teaching and learning resources.We review all our syllabuses regularly,so they reflect the latest research evidence and professional teachingpractice-and take account of the different national contexts in which they are taught.We consult with teachers to help us design each syllabus around the needs of their leamers.Consulting withleading universities has helped us make sure our syllabuses encourage students to master the key concepts in thesubject and develop the skills necessary for success in higher education.Our mission is to provide educational benefit through provision of international programmes and qualifications forschool education and to be the world leader in this field.Together with schools,we develop Cambridge leamnerswho are confident,responsible,reflective,innovative and engaged-equipped for success in the modern world.Every year,nearly a million Cambridge students from 10000 schools in 160 countries prepare for their future withan international education from Cambridge International.'We think the Cambridge curriculum is superb preparation for university.'Christoph Guttentag,Dean of Undergraduate Admissions,Duke University,USAQuality managementOur systems for managing the provision of international qualifications and education programmes for studentsaged 5 to 19 are certified as meeting the internationally recognised standard for quality management,ISO9001:2008.Learn more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/ISO9001Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group.Cambridge Assessment is the brand name ofthe University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate(UCLES),which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.UCLES retains the copyright on all its publications.Registered centres are pemmitted to copy material from this booklet for their owninternal use.However,we cannot give permission to centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even forinternal use within a centre.Contents1 Why choose this syllabus?2 Syllabus overview ...............6AimsContent overviewStructureAssessment overview9Assessment objectives123 Subject content.…13Prior knowledge131Further Pure Mathematics 1(for Paper 1)142Further Pure Mathematics 2(for Paper 2)183Further Mechanics(for Paper 3)224Further Probability Statistics(for Paper 4)254 Details of the assessment ................27Planning for assessment of AS A Level Further Mathematics(9231)27Examination information27Command words295 List of formulae and statistical tables (MF19)..........................306 What else you need to know ......43Before you start43Making entries44After the exam45How students,teachers and higher education can use the grades46Grade descriptions46Changes to this syllabus for 2020,2021 and 202247Changes to this syllabusThe latest syllabus is version 2,published April 2020.For information about changes to this syllabus for 2020,2021 and 2022,go to page 47.