Pearson EdexcelQualificationsPEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL A LEVELBIOLOGYSTUDENT BOOK 2ANN FULLICKWITH FRANK SOCHACKIPEARSON EDEXCEL INTERNATIONAL A LEVELBIOLOGYStudent Book 2Ann Fullickwith Frank SochackiPublished by Pearson Education Limited.80 Strand,London,WC2R ORL.61 Science Photo Library Ltd:Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library Ltd:63Getty Images:Hindustan Times/Getty Images;75 Science Photo Library Ltd:(r)PASCAL GOETGHELUCK/Science Photo Library Ltd:77 123RF:Brian Kinney/123RFCopies of official specifications for all Pearson Edexcel qualifications may be foundJan Lorenz/123RF;78 Alamy Stock Photo:(tl)Thierry Vezon/Biosphoto/Alamyon the website:https://qualifications.pearson.comStock Photo:78 Alamy Stock Photo:(bl)Friso Gentsch/dpa/Alamy Stock Photo;81Shutterstock:(Hanmon/Shutterstock;81 123RF:(r)Hagit berkovich/123RF:86-87Text Ann Fullick and Pearson Education Limited 2019Shutterstock:Matej Kastelic/Shutterstock:89 Science Photo Library Ltd:(t)NommEdited by Deborah Webb and Penelope LyonsThomas/Science Photo Library Ltd:89 Science Photo Library Ltd:(b)OMIKRON/Proofread by Penelope Lyons and Jess WhiteScience Photo Library Ltd;91 Science Photo Library Ltd:LEE D.SIMON/ScienceIndexed by Judith ReadingPhoto Library Ltd;93 Science Photo Library Ltd:DR TONY BRAIN/ScienceDesigned by Pearson Education Limited 2019Photo Library Ltd:96 Getty Images:(I)Rudigobbo/E+/Getty Images:96 ScienceTypeset by Tech-Set Ltd,Gateshead,UKPhoto Library Ltd:(r)Wolfgang Hoffmann/AgstockUSA/Science Photo Library Ltd:Original illustrations Pearson Education Limited 201998 Shutterstock:MyFavoriteTime/Shutterstock;99 Getty Images:GerMan101,iStock/Getty Images:100 Science Photo Library Ltd:MARTYN F.CHILLMAID/Science Photo Library Ltd;102 Alamy Stock Photo:BSIP SA/Alamy Stock Photo;Cover design by Pearson Education Limited 2019103 123RF:Apatcha Muenaksorn/123RF:104 Shutterstock:(r)Juan Gaertner/Cover images:Front:Getty Images:Michael HaegeleShutterstock:104 Science Photo Library Ltd:(A.B.DOWSETT/Science PhotoInside front cover:Shutterstock.com:Dmitry LobanovLibrary Ltd:107 Science Photo Library Ltd:(tr)A.DOWSETT,PUBLIC HEALTHENGLAND/Science Photo Library Ltd;107 Scence Photo Library Ltd:(bl)STEVEThe rights of Ann Fullick and Frank Sochacki to be identified as the authors of thisGSCHMEISSNER/Science Photo Library Ltd;108 Science Photo Library Ltd:work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright,Designs andGUSTOIMAGES/Science Photo Library Ltd:110 Science Photo Library Ltd:NIBSC/Patents Act 1988.Science Photo Library Ltd:114 Science Photo Library Ltd:A.DOWSETT,HEALTHFirst published 2019PROTECTION AGENCY/Science Photo Library Ltd:116 Getty Images:GerMan101/Stock/Getty Images;118,119 Alamy Stock Photo:Dimitar Todorow/Alamy Stock2221201910987654321Shutterstock;125 Science Photo Library Ltd:PROF.S.H.E.KAUFMANN DR J.RGOLECKI/Science Photo Library Ltd:130 123RF:Richard Starkweather/123RF:131British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataScience Photo 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123RF:Praweena pratchayakupt/123RF;304 Shutterstock:RoschetzkyAcknowledgementsPhotography/Shutterstock 306 Shutterstock:Trabantos/Shutterstock;309 123RF:(key:b-bottom;c-centre;I-left;r-right;t-top)TextFigures18:Based on part of a poster produced by Science and Plants for Schools (SAPS)2-3123R:Twinsterphoto/123RF:4,15,24tu,28,29br,30,38,44,67,71,75to introduce different types of photosynthesis to students;6):Atmospheric Co2 at(I),82,144 (r),162,163 (bl),227:Anthony Short;8 Science Photo Library Ltd:Mauna Loa Observatory,U.S department of commerce:70(b):Global anthropogenicDR.JEREMY BURGESS/Science Photo Library Ltd;22-23 Alamy Stock Photo:greenhouse gas emissions,United States Environmental Protection Agency:72:Martin Harvey/Alamy Stock Photo:24 Photodisc:(ml)PhotoDisc/Photolink:Projections of Future Changes in Climate and Carbon Dioxide:Projected emissionsand concentrations IPCC.Used with Permission:75:Vedder O,Bouwhuis S.29 Shutturstock:(bl)Andreas Juergensmeier/Shutterstock;29 Shutterstock:(bc)Stefan Schart/Shutterstock;31 Science Photo Library Ltd:Alan Carey/ScienceSheldon BC(2013)Quantitative Assessment of the Importance of PhenotypicPlasticity in Adaptation to Climate Change in Wild Bird Populations.PLoS Biol 11(7):Photo Library Ltd;32 Alamy Stock Photo:Adrian Weston/Alamy Stock Photo;34 123RF:(cr)MIKALAY VARABEY/123RF;34 123RF:(br)Johan van Beilen/123RF;e1001605.2013 Vedder et al.:82:STC Programs:Research:Tortuguero Sea Turtk35 123RF:(cl)Vaclav Volrab/123RF:35 Shutterstock:(bl)Beneda Miroslav/Program 2018,Sea Turtle Conservancy.Used with Permission;286:Quinn,Ben,Shutterstock:35 Alamy Stock Photo:(br)Florida Images/Alamy Stock Photo:"Paralysmaek Fidyka walks agaafter pioneering surgery".The Guardiam36 Tui De Roy:Courtesy of Tui De Roy:40 Edward Fullick:46 Alamy Stock Photo:21 Oct 2014.2014,Guardian News Media Limited.:306:Food and AgricultureFrancis Abbott/Nature Picture Library/Alamy Stock Photo;48 Alamy Stock Photo:Organization of the United Nations,Madkour,Magdy.Status and Options forMartin Shields/Alamy Stock Photo;50-51 123RF:Alberto Loyo/123RF;Regional GMOs Detection Platform:A Benchmark for the Region,[http://www.fao.org/3/al310e/al310e.pdf].Reproduced with permission