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【优选笔记】Edexcel IAL 经济

[积分]U1-U4 笔记专辑包

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Unit 1 -Markets in action

The Nature of Economics
a) Scarcity
b) Production possibility frontiers (PPFs)
c) Specialisation, the division of labour, and the role of money
d) Free market and mixed economies
e) Positive and normative economics

Demand and Consumer Behaviour
a) The demand curve
b) Price, Income and Cross Elasticities of Demand
c) Consumer behaviour

Supply
a) The Supply Curve
b) Price elasticity of supply

Price Determination
a) Determination of market equilibrium
b) Consumer and producer surplus
c) Functions of the price mechanism
d) Indirect taxes and subsidies

Wage Determination in Labour Markets
ab) The demand for and the supply of labour
c) Determination of wage rates

Market Failure
a) Market failure

Government Intervention in Markets
a) Methods of government intervention
b) Government failure

Unit2-Macroeconomic Performance and Policy

Contextual Analysis

Measures of Macroeconomic Performance
a)Economic growth

The Circular Flow of Income
b)Inflation
c)Employment and unemployment
d)Balance of payments
e)Measures of development - Human Development Index (HDI)
f)Other measures of development

a)The circular flow of income

a)Aggregate demand (AD)

a)Aggregate supply (AS)

The Interaction of AD and AS to Determine Equilibrium
a)Equilibrium level of real output
b)The multiplier

Macroeconomic Objectives and Policies
a)Macroeconomic objectives
b)Conflicts between objectives
c)Macroeconomic policy instruments

Unit 3 – Business Behaviour

Contextual Analysis

a)Objectives
b)Size of businesses

a)Revenue
b)Costs
c)Economies and diseconomies of scale
d)Profit

a)Perfect competition
b)Monopolistic competition
c)Oligopoly
d)Monopoly
e)Monopsony
f)Contestability

ab)Government intervention to protect consumers, suppliers and employees
c)Government intervention to promote international competitiveness
d)Government policy towards transnational companies (TNCs)


Unit 4 – The Global Economy
Contextual Analysis

Causes and Effects of Globalisation
a)Causes of globalisation
b)Effects of globalisation

Trade and the World Economy
a)Specialisation and comparative advantage
b)Patterns of trade
c)Terms of trade
d)Trade liberalisation
e)Restrictions on free trade

Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates
a)Balance of payments
b)Exchange rates

Poverty and Inequality
a)Absolute and relative poverty
b)Inequality

The Role of the State in the Macroeconomy
a)Public expenditure
b)Taxation
c)Public sector borrowing and public sector debt
d)Macroeconomic policies

Measures to Promote Growth and Development
Limits to growth and development application points
a)Market orientated strategies
b)Government-led strategies
c)Other strategies
d)Role of foreign governments, international institutions and non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
e)Constraints on growth and development
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